Level 4
Level 4 - In-text Citations and References
The APA referencing system is used at St Patrick’s College.
There are two parts to citing a source, In-text citations and a list of References. In-text citations are placed in the body of your writing/work. The list of references or bibliography needs to be at the end of your work. You can use an online reference generator to help you record your sources in the correct format. If you have forgotten the KRC password it is on the SIMON homepage near the KRC links.
In-text Citations:
When quoting or paraphrasing a brief acknowledgement to the source is given at the place in the work where the source has been used. The brief citation has the author, date and page number. The reader can then find the full citation in the Bibliography at the end of the work.
Quotations:
A quotation is an exact record of someone’s words. Quotes are used to acknowledge another author and avoid plagiarism, and/or to give authority / credibility to your own ideas. A quotation needs a reference to its source before or after it.
A short quotation can be incorporated into your own sentence. If the author's name is integrated into the text only the date and page number are required.
e.g. Johnson (2013, p. 13) states that "sea ice in the Artic is melting at a rate that we can no longer ignore."
Or you can write the name, date and page or paragraph number in brackets immediately after the quote.
e.g. However the is a strong opposing view. “Artic sea ice is thinning due to natural shifts in the weather.” (Black, 2012, para. 3)
The full citation or reference will appear at the end of your work in your list of references.
Paraphrasing:
Paraphrasing is taking a set of facts or opinions and rewording them in your own words. Even though you are not using the exact words of the original author, you must still cite the author as the source of your ideas.
To paraphrase you need to re-write a phrase or sentence keeping the same meaning but using different words. In order to paraphrase your need to ensure you fully understand the original sentence. Try changing the order of the sentence and using synonyms. It is best if you can change the sentence structure as well.
Examples:
Original: Koalas particularly like Mana Gum leaves and they can consume up to 1.5 kilograms of leaves a day.
Paraphrase: A koala can eat up to 1.5 kilograms of leaves every day and they have a preference for the leaves of the Mana Gum.
Original: Any trip to Ballarat should include a visit to the goldfields of Sovereign Hill to sample a day in the life of the 1850s.
Paraphrase: When visiting Ballarat be sure to include a day at Sovereign Hill to experience the goldfields of the 1850s.
References:
A list of references, headed References should appear at the end of your work. It should contain details of only those sources cited in the text. The full citation of each source contains the author’s name, year of publication, title, and publication or retrieval details.
There is a specific way to format a reference list . Use the Online Referencing Generator to do this for you.
You will need information about your sources to do this. Use a KRC Bibliographic details sheet to help you collect the right information.
The citation in your list of references must be identical to that in your writing. For example, if the author's name is used in your writing, it must also be in the list of references.
There are two parts to citing a source, In-text citations and a list of References. In-text citations are placed in the body of your writing/work. The list of references or bibliography needs to be at the end of your work. You can use an online reference generator to help you record your sources in the correct format. If you have forgotten the KRC password it is on the SIMON homepage near the KRC links.
In-text Citations:
When quoting or paraphrasing a brief acknowledgement to the source is given at the place in the work where the source has been used. The brief citation has the author, date and page number. The reader can then find the full citation in the Bibliography at the end of the work.
Quotations:
A quotation is an exact record of someone’s words. Quotes are used to acknowledge another author and avoid plagiarism, and/or to give authority / credibility to your own ideas. A quotation needs a reference to its source before or after it.
A short quotation can be incorporated into your own sentence. If the author's name is integrated into the text only the date and page number are required.
e.g. Johnson (2013, p. 13) states that "sea ice in the Artic is melting at a rate that we can no longer ignore."
Or you can write the name, date and page or paragraph number in brackets immediately after the quote.
e.g. However the is a strong opposing view. “Artic sea ice is thinning due to natural shifts in the weather.” (Black, 2012, para. 3)
The full citation or reference will appear at the end of your work in your list of references.
Paraphrasing:
Paraphrasing is taking a set of facts or opinions and rewording them in your own words. Even though you are not using the exact words of the original author, you must still cite the author as the source of your ideas.
To paraphrase you need to re-write a phrase or sentence keeping the same meaning but using different words. In order to paraphrase your need to ensure you fully understand the original sentence. Try changing the order of the sentence and using synonyms. It is best if you can change the sentence structure as well.
Examples:
Original: Koalas particularly like Mana Gum leaves and they can consume up to 1.5 kilograms of leaves a day.
Paraphrase: A koala can eat up to 1.5 kilograms of leaves every day and they have a preference for the leaves of the Mana Gum.
Original: Any trip to Ballarat should include a visit to the goldfields of Sovereign Hill to sample a day in the life of the 1850s.
Paraphrase: When visiting Ballarat be sure to include a day at Sovereign Hill to experience the goldfields of the 1850s.
References:
A list of references, headed References should appear at the end of your work. It should contain details of only those sources cited in the text. The full citation of each source contains the author’s name, year of publication, title, and publication or retrieval details.
There is a specific way to format a reference list . Use the Online Referencing Generator to do this for you.
You will need information about your sources to do this. Use a KRC Bibliographic details sheet to help you collect the right information.
The citation in your list of references must be identical to that in your writing. For example, if the author's name is used in your writing, it must also be in the list of references.
Sample list of references
References
Black, 2016. Artic. [Online] Available at: www.articenviro.science.gov.ru [Accessed 2017].
Department of Communications and the Art. (n.d.). Moveable cultural heritage. Retrieved from http://arts.gov.au/moveable.
Gladfry, J., 2015. Climate change: What we do know...and what we don't. New Scientist, 3(6), pp. 32-47.
Gore, A., 2014. An Inconvenient Truth: the crisis of global warming. 1 ed. London: Bloomsbury.
Johnson, B., 2016. From melting glaciers. 2nd ed. London: Penguin.
Department of Communications and the Art. (n.d.). Moveable cultural heritage. Retrieved from http://arts.gov.au/moveable.
Gladfry, J., 2015. Climate change: What we do know...and what we don't. New Scientist, 3(6), pp. 32-47.
Gore, A., 2014. An Inconvenient Truth: the crisis of global warming. 1 ed. London: Bloomsbury.
Johnson, B., 2016. From melting glaciers. 2nd ed. London: Penguin.
Inappropriate sources
When using sources to support your work they need to be authoritative. Use your Information Literacy skills.
Remember the fours Cs – Credibility, Currency, Consistency and Content.
Ask.com is not a source. Google images is not a source – look for the URL that directs to the exact webpage that has the image.
Remember the fours Cs – Credibility, Currency, Consistency and Content.
Ask.com is not a source. Google images is not a source – look for the URL that directs to the exact webpage that has the image.